Seroprevalence of human hydatid cyst: a cross sectional study in a rural areas of Zahedan, southeastern Iran.

Hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most common zoonosis diseases. Iran is one of the endemic regions in terms of this disease. For the first time, the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of hydatid cyst in Zahedan rural areas due to the importance of human CE and lack of information in this region. The present study was performed on 551 people referred to seven rural health centers in Zahedan during 2019-2020. Serum samples were collected and analyzed by indirect ELISA method using recombinant antigen B subunit B8/1. Results were analyzed by SPSS (version 22) software and Chi-square test. The CE seroprevalence was 4%. The most positive cases were in the age group of 10-30 years. The highest infection was reported in homemakers. A significant relationship (P-value<0.05) was only reported between the seropositivity to hydatid cyst and the presence of dogs in the environment. The present study's findings indicated human hydatid cyst in rural areas of Zahedan is a health problem; moreover, the control and prevention principles and analysis of various epidemiological aspects of this disease should be considered.

Incidence, mortality, and epidemiological aspects of cancers in Iran; differences with the world data.

PURPOSE: No comprehensive study of cancer incidence and mortality exists in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, mortality and epidemiological aspects of cancers in our country. METHODS: In this study, information of cancer incidence and mortality in Iran was retrieved from International Cancer Registry data and reported by numbers, crude and standardized incidence and mortality rates. Cancer incidence and mortality in Iran were mapped and compared with neighboring countries and the world. RESULTS: A total of 84,829 cancer cases occurred in Iran in 2012. Overall, 39,991 cases (47.14%) were women and 44,838 (52.85%) men with male to female ratio 1.12. There were 53,350 deaths, of which 43.55% in women and 56.44% in men. The sex ratio of mortality was 1.29. Five cancers with the highest standardized incidence rates (SIR) were breast cancer (28.1), gastric cancer (15.2), prostate cancer (12.6), colorectal cancer (11.1), and esophageal cancer (8.6). Five cancers with the highest standardized mortality rates (SMR) were gastric cancer (12.9), breast cancer (9.9), esophageal cancer (7.8), lung cancer (6.9) and colorectal cancer (6.6). CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that the incidence of some cancers increased compared to reports in previous years. The incidence and mortality were higher in men than in women. Common cancers should be detected early using screening tests such as colonoscopy and mammography. The tests can be especially useful in old age. Additional studies should be performed to investigate the causes of cancer incidence and mortality.

Epidemiology Characteristics and Trends of Lung Cancer Incidence in Iran.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and a major cause of death from cancer. One of the important indicators to compare the prevalence and incidence of the disease is a change in the trend. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the incidence of lung cancer in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted based on existing data obtained from a national registry of cancer cases and the Disease Management Center of Ministry of Health in Iran. All cases registered in the country were included during 2003-2008. Incidence rates were reported based on the direct method and standard population of World Health Organization. The study also examined the morphology of common lung cancers. Trends in incidence underwent joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS: Based on the results of this study, 14,403 cases of lung cancer have been recorded of which 10,582 cases were in men and 3,821 in women. Highest incidence rates were observed in the 80-84 age group. Considerable variation across provinces was evident. In females squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) demonstrated a reduction from 24% to 16% of lesions over the period of study, while adenocarcinoma rose from 21% to 29%. In males a similar reduction in SCC was apparent (42% to 29%, again with increase in AC (13 % to 18%). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the increase in the incidence of lung cancer the trend is that more men than women and in men and may be caused by changes in smoking pattern. The incidence of lung cancer in the North West and West provinces was higher than in other regions.

Epidemiology characteristics and trends of incidence and morphology of stomach cancer in Iran.

BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer- related death through the world. It is predicted that the number of new cancer cases will be more than 15 million cases by 2020. Regarding the lack of studies on this topic in the country, we have thoroughly examined the patho-epidemiology of stomach cancer in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross- sectional study data were collected retrospectively reviewing all new stomach cancer patients in Cancer Registry Center report of health deputy for Iran during a 6-year period (2003-2008). The study also examined the morphology of common stomach cancers. Trends in incidence and morphology underwent joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS: During the six-year period, a total of 35,171 cases of stomach cancer were registered. Average age standardized rate for females and males were equal to 7.1 and 15.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Most common histological type was adenocarcinoma, NOS with 21,980 cases (62.50%). The annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardized incidence rate (per 100,000) was increase in both females and males at 11.1 (CI: 4.3 to 18.3) and 9.2 (CI: 5.2 to 13.4), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, the incidence of gastric cancer is increasing in Iran, so further epidemiological studies into the etiology and early detection are essential.